266

Papers of prominent politician and entrepreneur Hulan Jack.

New York, 1906-1986 (bulk 1955-1972)
Thousands of items (7 linear feet) including manuscripts, printed ephemera, photographs, and award certificates; generally minor wear.


Hulan Edwin Jack (1906-1986) was born on the island of Saint Lucia and was raised in British Guiana before coming to the United States in 1923. His first job in New York was sweeping floors at a box factory, while taking night classes at New York University. As a Democratic politician, he represented a Harlem district in the New York legislature from 1941 to 1953, was Manhattan's borough president from 1954 to 1960, and returned to the legislature from 1968 to 1972. After legal troubles forced him from office and the Democratic Party, he remained active in politics as a supporter of independent presidential candidate Lyndon LaRouche, who helped him publish his 1983 autobiography, "Fifty Years a Democrat."

This large archive of Hulan Jack's political, professional, and personal papers includes manuscript material, certificates, photographs, printed ephemera, and more. 

The earliest manuscript item in the collection is a 1922 letter of recommendation from a newspaper publisher in St. Vincent as Jack departed for America, testifying to his five years of strong work ethic and good conduct as a teenaged employee. From the 1929-1942 period are bursar's receipts and report cards from New York Evening High School and New York University; programs for two conferences he spoke at circa 1930; and his dues book from the Paper Mill Workers union. A 1948 affidavit from his mother testifies to his birth in Saint Lucia in 1906.

The collection has only 4 thick folders relating to Jack's 1954-1960 term as Manhattan borough president, but they are substantial. One folder includes correspondence relating to Manhattan's lighting contracts and conversion to natural gas, among other topics. William A. Shea (of Shea Stadium fame) signed a letter on behalf of Jack's 1959 victory luncheon committee. Two folders relate to the controversy which drove Jack out of office in 1960--an alleged bribe from his friend Sidney Ungar. Included are 3 signed letters from Ungar expressing regret at the damage to their friendship; versions of speeches which Jack gave on the controversy; and a personal letter from Congressman Adam Clayton Powell: "I do feel there should be some grounds for an appeal, because I think that the law is extremely unjust," 15 December 1960. 

From 1961-1967, Jack was mostly out of electoral politics, except as a delegate to the New York Constitutional Convention in 1967.  In that capacity, he argued for an anti-racist clause in the constitution's education section, and issued a "Statement re Ethnic Contributions in Public School Textbooks."

In 1963, he became the Executive Director of Co-ordinated Community Service, Inc., which is documented extensively here. Madison Avenue-style marketing makes for an interesting juxtaposition with Harlem in the aftermath of the 1964 riots. He remained active in the company even after returning to the legislature. For example, their "1970 Study of Beer Brand Preference in the Harlem Market" was prepared by Jack. 8 marketing publications and magazines from the 1960s feature articles such as "How Do You Sell to the Negro Market?"; "The Negro Market: A Giant Potential"; "Patterns of Negro Expenditures in the Big City Market"; and "Negro Consumers: What Broadcasters Have Learned."

Jack's second stint in the New York State legislature, from 1968 to 1972, is also well documented here with one large box, including his correspondence with Harlem constituents and fellow political figures. Drafts of his August 1968 speech "Appraisal of Harlem and Our City of New York as it Relates to National Survival" address vermin, drug addiction, and arson: "The death of the cities is a conspiracy against the Black population as well as the Puerto Ricans and an ignominious attempt to undermine the prestige of America." His "Legislative Folder" for 1968 contains letters of congratulation from Hubert Humphrey, Edmund Muskie, and many others. One letter is from President Lyndon Johnson (printed signature), 4 November 1968: "We are beginning to give back to black Americans the dignity that is properly theirs. It is a long hard battle. It will be won if there are enough men like you to carry on the struggle." 

A smaller box is devoted to 1972-1986, the period after Jack left electoral politics. He was involved in the Catholic Church, and in his final years as a supporter of Lyndon LaRouche. 

The collection includes hundreds of photographs, most uncaptioned. It includes a few early family photos, the earliest dates being 1906 and 1907. Most are family and political photos from the 1940s through 1960s. Many New York political figures can be spotted among the photos; one shows Jack shaking hands with a former president, signed "Kindest regards to Hulan E. Jack from his friend Harry S. Truman, 5/20/59." A photo album documents Jack being honored at the Catholic Interracial Council Award Dinner at the Hotel Sheraton-Astor, 21 October 1958. Another album was presented "To Hulan Jack on the Occasion of his Eightieth Birthday from Lyndon LaRouche and Helga LaRouche and all his friends from around the world," with 40 photos plus clippings and a letter from LaRouche and wife, December 1985. Several panoramic banquet photos are rolled or have been flattened. 

Printed ephemera includes a guide to the 1967 Constitutional Convention delegates (including Jack); campaign materials; "Delegate 1982" political souvenir book; "The Black Student at New York University," 1969; program for a 1957 luncheon with Queen Elizabeth; 8 LaRouche magazines; and 3 copies of the April 1961 Sepia magazine with a cover story on the Jack scandal. A facsimile of "The Declaration of the Inalienable Rights of Man," Washington, 24 November 1984 shows  Jack as one of the 74 signers, along with other LaRouche supporters. A highlight is "Manhattan, the Front Office of the Nation: Four Year Report, Hulan E. Jack, Borough President, 1954-1957," 135 pages. 

A complete 4-page issue of the Freedom Rider newspaper of 2 November 1961 features an editorial cartoon showing Mayor Robert Wagner decapitating Jack and others: "Let the Harlem heads roll—the vote is in the bag anyway!!", with a full-page cartoon on the rear page showing Jack victimized by a "Double standard based on race." We can trace no examples of this New York civil rights newspaper in OCLC. One notable artifact is Jack's "James J. Hoey Award for Interracial Justice," awarded by the New York Catholic Interracial Council in 1969.

In short, this archive offers an inside look at Manhattan's political life, particularly the mid-1950s through 1972, from the unique perspective of a hard-working Caribbean immigrant who rose to the upper reaches of power, was knocked down, worked his way back up, and was knocked back down again.

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