[ Photographs ] ( Native-Americans) Whitney, Joel Emmons Group of 14 cartes-de-visite relating to the Massacre of 1862, by the St. Paul photographer J. E. Whitney, comprising portraits of Little Crow, Ne-Bah-Quah-Om (Big Dog), Wa-kan-o-zhan-zhan

[ Photographs ] ( Native-Americans) Whitney, Joel Emmons Group of 14 cartes-de-visite relating to the Massacre of 1862, by the St. Paul photographer J. E. Whitney, comprising portraits of Little Crow, Ne-Bah-Quah-Om (Big Dog), Wa-kan-o-zhan-zhan (Medicine Bottle), Sha-kpe ( Little Six), Cut Nose, Po-go-Nay-ke-shick (Hole in the Day), Paha-Uza-Tanka (The Great Scalp Taker), Wo-wina-pe (Little Crow's Son), Anpetu-Tokeca (Other Day), We-No-Na (First Born), U-Se-Do-Ha (A Sioux Belle), Ma-za-oo-nie (The Little Bird Hunter), a Sioux squaw and papoose, and reproductions of Ta-Tanka-Nazin (Standing Buffalo) and Little Crow. Albumen prints, with a caption and the photographer's credit on mounts recto/ verso. 1862-65 E3500-4500 Led by Little Crow, the Sioux chief, the Indian Wars of 1862 were, according to Judith Luskey and Paula R. Fleming, the first revolt recorded by photographers. "At that time, the Santee Sioux were confined to a small strip of land along the Minnesota River. Emotions ran high as settlers hunted Indian game, insects destroyed crops, and... traders refused to extend credit [to Indians]for provisions. In August Little Crow, a peace advocate, led his starving people in the famous Sioux revolt, killing as many as 800 whites and taking 400 captives. Military forces under General Sibley later overpowered the Sioux, and took more than 2000 prisoners. A military commission sentenced 303 Indians to death. President Lincoln reprieved all but 38, who were hanged on December 26, 1862 at Mankato, Minnesota." Whitney photographed the Indian prisoners brought to Ft. Snelling, which was near his St. Paul studio. he also photographed the Sioux, under guard and awaiting trial outside a log-cabin court room. No photographs were taken of the mass hanging, although Whitney did publish a drawing of that event. See The North American Indians In Early Photographs, pp.