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●
(SLAVERY AND ABOLITION—RESTRAINTS AND PUNISHMENTS.)
Pair
of wrought-iron Middle-Passage shackles.
overall length 14 inches; the individual
cuffs 3
3
⁄
4
inches in diameter; smooth patina with oxidation consistent with age.
West Africa, circa 18th century
[2,500/3,500]
Middle-passage shackles, as seen in the early engravings for Wilberforce’s “Abstract of the
Evidence (London, 1791) and Lydia Maria Child’s “Appeal in Favor of that Class of
Americans called Africans.” (Boston, 1833.)
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